THE ASIAN AMERICAN HOUR has gotten bigger - we are now on the air weekly on public radio WAIF-CINCINNATI 88.3 FM and our broadcast time has moved to prime-time THE ASIAN AMERICAN HOUR CONTINUES 18 YEARS ON THE AIR WITH WAIF 88.3 FM - Date of First Broadcast: 6/7/2001 THE ASIAN AMERICAN HOUR will continue to feature talk, and music, and other good things with a discernable slant towards Asian American affairs, immigration, and many other issues of interest to our community-at-large. THE ASIAN AMERICAN HOUR is produced and hosted by Charleston Wang, Esq. with John G. O'Neill. as co-host, together with our distinguished guests. So, tune in to THE ASIAN AMERICAN HOUR on WAIF-CINCINNATI 88.3 FM. every Monday 5-6 PM. Get the latest on the Asian American community in Cincinnati, the fast growing & mobile community in the Tri-state. After listening to the THE ASIAN AMERICAN HOUR, e-mail us direct feedback and thoughts by clicking here. If you or a friend wish to be a guest on THE ASIAN AMERICAN HOUR, please let us know. Tune in to THE ASIAN AMERICAN HOUR every Monday 5 - 6 PM on WAIF 88.3 FM Cincinnati on the air, or listen Via internet streaming audio from anywhere in the world by clicking here. Charleston C. K. Wang, Producer & Host John G. O'Neill, Co-Host |
Mary Ellen O'Connell
Photocredit: Mary Joan Reutter
| To read "A Reflection of Jerusalem and the New Jerusalem from the Ground," click here. |
| To view "Into the Heat of the Hebron Cauldon," \click here. |
| To view "The Garden of Gethsemane and Church of All Nations," click here. |
| To view "Pilgrimage to Bethlehem, Birthplace of Jesus, click here. |
| To view "Herodion: A Fortress During the Gospels," click here. |
| To read"The Wilderness of Abraham, Jesus & Israel- Palestine," click here. |
| To view "In Search of the Messianic Secret - Caesarea Phillipi," click here. |
| To read "Jury for Jericho," click here. |
| To view "The Empty Tombs," click here. |
| A Partnership between Mercy Hospital Anderson and Muslim Clinic of Ohio |
| THE HOLY ISLE OF PATMOS Click here or on photo to see WANGNEWS Special |
| To view "Two Very Different Houses" click here. |
| EPHESUS OF ST. PAUL & ST. JOHN Click here or on photo to see WANGNEWS Special |
To view
"The Holy
Isle of
Patmos"
click here.
"The Holy
Isle of
Patmos"
click here.
To view
"Sufis
Rumi
Konya,"
click
here.
"Sufis
Rumi
Konya,"
click
here.
| MEDITATING MEDITERRANEAN Click here or on photo to see WANGNEWS Special |
| THE WRATH OF PAUL Click here or on photo to see WANGNEWS Special |
To view
"Wrath
of
Paul,"
click
here.
"Wrath
of
Paul,"
click
here.
To view
"Medita-
ting Medi-
terra-nean,"
click here.
"Medita-
ting Medi-
terra-nean,"
click here.
| To view "Caesarea Maritima as Known to Saint Paul," click here. |
| To view "The Call for Simon Peter, Fisherman," click here. |
To read "In Search of Lazarus," click here. |
| To view "In The Upper Room" click \here. |
| To view "The Church of St. Peter in Gallicantu" click here. |
| To view "Visitng the Dome of the Rock" click here. |
| To view Group photos of Cincinnati Pilgrims in Jerusalem click here. |
| PLEASE CLIICK ON PHOTO TO SEE COMPLETE PHOTONEWS SPECIAL ON "THE FACES OF TURKEY." |
THE FACES OF TURKEY
| INFOCUS: CHEMICAL WEAPONS & THE HUMANITARIAN CRISIS IN SYRIA Click on Photo |
Bill Bell and Charleston C. K. Wang |
| BE THE CHANGE: CIVIL RIGHTS & IMMIGRATION REFORM IN 2013 |
Robert Harris & Charleston C. K. Wang |
To view
"Ephesus
of St. Paul
and
St. John"
click here.
"Ephesus
of St. Paul
and
St. John"
click here.
A REAL UZBEK DYNASTY
| Four Elders from Uzbekistan in their many colored coats Photocredit: Boris Yusupov |
For Upcoming Sunday
Seminars on Current
Issues at Christ Church
Cathedral in the City of
Cincinnati click here.
Seminars on Current
Issues at Christ Church
Cathedral in the City of
Cincinnati click here.
Bill Bell and Charleston C. K. Wang |
| Charge of Light Brigade-Lord Alfred Tennyson Last of Light Brigade-Rudyard Kipling Recessional (Victorian Ode)-Rudyard Kipling |
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To send, use this
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A WIN IN THE U.S. SIXTH CIRCUIT COURT OF APPEALS. On August 18, 2014 in Nifadev v. Holder, (Case No. 13-3704/4222
6th Cir. 2014), the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit held that Mikheil B. Nifadev has proven his claim that he
had suffered persecution by reason of his Russian ethnicity at the hands of the security and regular police of Uzbekistan. The
Court vacated the decision of the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) in Washington, D.C. which had denied Mr. Nifadev asylum,
and the Court remanded the case with additional instructions to the United States Attorney General, including that the BIA should
determine whether the BIA should also reconsider its denial of Nifadev’s application for withholding of removal and protection
under Convention Against Torture (abbreviated CAT for Convention Against Torture And Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading
Treatment or Punishment of the United Nations) in light of the opinion of the Court. The Sixth Circuit opinion essentially and
explicitly held that "[b]ecause the IJ [Immigration Judge] appears to have erred in her determination that Nifadev did not suffer
past persecution and because the IJ clearly misinterpreted Nifadev’s credible testimony regarding the ethnic animus of the
Uzbekistan security officials, we find that Nifadev has made out a credible case of being a refugee under the definitions of
8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1)(A)." [Emphasis added]. The United States Immigration Court in Cleveland, Ohio, had initially
found Mr. Nifadev and his witnesses to be credible but declined to grant asylum because it erroneously determined that
Mr. Nifadev had NOT suffered persecution. Shown in photograph on the right is Mr. Mikheil B. Nifadev with Charleston
C. K. Wang, Esq. who represented Mr. Nifadev during trial and both appeals. To read complete opinion, please click here.
6th Cir. 2014), the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit held that Mikheil B. Nifadev has proven his claim that he
had suffered persecution by reason of his Russian ethnicity at the hands of the security and regular police of Uzbekistan. The
Court vacated the decision of the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) in Washington, D.C. which had denied Mr. Nifadev asylum,
and the Court remanded the case with additional instructions to the United States Attorney General, including that the BIA should
determine whether the BIA should also reconsider its denial of Nifadev’s application for withholding of removal and protection
under Convention Against Torture (abbreviated CAT for Convention Against Torture And Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading
Treatment or Punishment of the United Nations) in light of the opinion of the Court. The Sixth Circuit opinion essentially and
explicitly held that "[b]ecause the IJ [Immigration Judge] appears to have erred in her determination that Nifadev did not suffer
past persecution and because the IJ clearly misinterpreted Nifadev’s credible testimony regarding the ethnic animus of the
Uzbekistan security officials, we find that Nifadev has made out a credible case of being a refugee under the definitions of
8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1)(A)." [Emphasis added]. The United States Immigration Court in Cleveland, Ohio, had initially
found Mr. Nifadev and his witnesses to be credible but declined to grant asylum because it erroneously determined that
Mr. Nifadev had NOT suffered persecution. Shown in photograph on the right is Mr. Mikheil B. Nifadev with Charleston
C. K. Wang, Esq. who represented Mr. Nifadev during trial and both appeals. To read complete opinion, please click here.
Pursuant to the Sixth Circuit opinion, the BIA on January 5, 2015, ordered the Immigration Court to grant asylum to Mr. Nifadev.
To read the BIA order, please click here.
To read the BIA order, please click here.
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| Working the Tan Lines by the Aegean of the Mediterranen Beyond in the mist rises fabled Patmos, May 2012 |
| Working the Tan Lines on the bank of the Dead Sea the Lowest Body of Water on Earth more than 1300 feet below Sea Level April 2010. Somewhere near lie biblical Sodom & Gomorrah. |
Charleston C K Wang Speedo
GOT RICE?
Charleston C K Wang Speedo
Mr. Nifadev applied for permanent resident status in March, 2017.
| CHARLESTON C. K. WANG NAZLY MAMEDOVA WANGLAW |
| WANGLAW Attorneys & Counselors at Law |
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| THE ASIAN AMERICAN HOUR on WAIF 88.3 FM Cincinnati IS NOW A WEEKLY PRIME-TIME SHOW EVERY MONDAY EVENING 5 - 6 P.M. Informing the People of Cincinnati (and Beyond) since 6/7/2001. Listen via internet streaming audio by clicking here, CONTACT US AT asianamericanhour@wangnews.net |
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INDEX OF OP-EDS
INDEX OF OP-EDS
| Those who would give up Essential Liberty to purchase a little Temporary Safety, deserve neither Liberty nor Safety - Benjamin Franklin (1759). |
APRIL 2020 Extra
For March 2020 Extra Click Here
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John G. O'Neill
Charleston C. K. Wang, Esq.
Mary Ellen O'Connell
Photocredit: Mary Joan Reutter
| To read "A Reflection of Jerusalem and the New Jerusalem from the Ground," click here. |
| To view "Into the Heat of the Hebron Cauldon," \click here. |
| To view "The Garden of Gethsemane and Church of All Nations," click here. |
| From Left to Right - Charleston C. K. Wang, Esq., Professor Mary Ellen O'Connell & Dean Gordon A. Christenson, Emeritus University of Cincinnati College of Law |
| VOLUNTEER PHYSICIANS OF MERCY CARE CLINIC: From Left to Right: DR. TARIQ SULTAN, DR. NEMAT MOUSSAVIAN, DR. DAN ROTH |
| To view "Herodion: A Fortress During the Gospels," click here. |
| To read"The Wilderness of Abraham, Jesus & Israel- Palestine," click here. |
| To view "In Search of the Messianic Secret - Caesarea Phillipi," click here. |
| To read "Descending to the Dead Sea and Ascending to Qumran," click here. |
| To read "Jury for Jericho," click here. |
| To view "The Empty Tombs," click here. |
| A Partnership between Mercy Hospital Anderson and Muslim Clinic of Ohio |
| To view "Two Very Different Houses" click here. |
| EPHESUS OF ST. PAUL & ST. JOHN Click here or on photo to see WANGNEWS Special |
To view
"The Holy
Isle of
Patmos"
click here.
"The Holy
Isle of
Patmos"
click here.
To view
"Sufis
Rumi
Konya,"
click
here.
"Sufis
Rumi
Konya,"
click
here.
| THE WRATH OF PAUL Click here or on photo to see WANGNEWS Special |
To view
"Wrath
of
Paul,"
click
here.
"Wrath
of
Paul,"
click
here.
To view
"Medita-
ting Medi-
terra-nean,"
click here.
"Medita-
ting Medi-
terra-nean,"
click here.
TO RETURN TO FIRST PAGE NEWS, CLICK HERE CLICK TO GO TO >PAGE 1> >PAGE 2> >PAGE 3> >PAGE 4> >PAGE 5> >PAGE 6> >PAGE 7> >PAGE 8> >PAGE 9> >PAGE10> >PAGE11> >PAGE 12> >PAGE 13> >PAGE 14> >PAGE 15> >PAGE 16> Photocredit for this page: Charleston C. K. Wang |
 |  |  |
| To view "Caesarea Maritima as Known to Saint Paul," click here. |
| To view "The Call for Simon Peter, Fisherman," click here. |
To read "In Search of Lazarus," click here. |
| To view "In The Upper Room" click \here. |
| To view "The Church of St. Peter in Gallicantu" click here. |
| To view "Visitng the Dome of the Rock" click here. |
| To view Group photos of Cincinnati Pilgrims in Jerusalem click here. |
| PLEASE CLIICK ON PHOTO TO SEE COMPLETE PHOTONEWS SPECIAL ON "THE FACES OF TURKEY." |
THE FACES OF TURKEY
V More Photonews to come. Visit www.wangnews.net again and soon! V V |
| INFOCUS: CHEMICAL WEAPONS & THE HUMANITARIAN CRISIS IN SYRIA Click on Photo |
Bill Bell and Charleston C. K. Wang |
| BE THE CHANGE: CIVIL RIGHTS & IMMIGRATION REFORM IN 2013 |
Robert Harris & Charleston C. K. Wang |
A REAL UZBEK DYNASTY
| Four Elders from Uzbekistan in their many colored coats Photocredit: Boris Yusupov |
Bill Bell and Charleston C. K. Wang |
| INFOCUS: UNIVERSAL EDUCATION IN THE WORLD - Example of Malala Yousafzai Click on Photo |
| Charge of Light Brigade-Lord Alfred Tennyson Last of Light Brigade-Rudyard Kipling Recessional (Victorian Ode)-Rudyard Kipling |
| Working the Tan Lines by the Aegean of the Mediterranen Beyond in the mist rises fabled Patmos, May 2012 |
| Working the Tan Lines on the bank of the Dead Sea the Lowest Body of Water on Earth more than 1300 feet below Sea Level April 2010. Somewhere near lie biblical Sodom & Gomorrah. |
Charleston C K Wang Speedo
Charleston C K Wang Speedo
| CHARLESTON C. K. WANG NAZLY MAMEDOVA WANGLAW |
| CHARLESTON C. K. WANG NAZLY MAMEDOVA WANGLAW |
| CHARLESTON C. K. WANG NAZLY MAMEDOVA WANGLAW |
| Jesus said “Let the little children come to me, and do not stop them; for it is to such as these that the kingdom of heaven belongs.” Matthew 19:14 The Holy Eucharist at Christ Church Cathedral in the City of Cincinnati |
TRUMP'S LOVE AFFAIR WITH THE WALL, BASE
PROMISES & DECEPTION (Beware Of Bad, Bad Puns -
something about Chinks and cherry lips kissing thy stones :( )
I fear my Thisbe’s promise is forgot!—
And thou, O Wall, O sweet, O lovely Wall,
That stand’st between her father’s ground and mine.
Thou Wall, O Wall, O sweet and lovely Wall,
Show me thy chink to blink through with mine eyne!
I’m afraid my Thisbe has forgotten her promise!—And you, oh Wall,
oh sweet, oh lovely Wall, you stand between her father’s property and mine,
you Wall, oh Wall, oh sweet and lovely Wall.
Show me your hole to stick my eye up against!
WALL holds up fingers as chink e> oIII
Thanks, courteous Wall. Jove shield thee well for this!
But what see I? No Thisbe do I see.
O wicked Wall through whom I see no bliss!
Cursed be thy stones for thus deceiving me!
THESEUS
The wall, methinks, being sensible, should curse again.
BOTTOM
(out of character) No, in truth, sir, he should not.
“Deceiving me” is Thisbe’s cue.
She is to enter now and I am to spy her through the wall.
You shall see, it will fall pat as I told you. Yonder she comes.
Enter THISBE
THISBE
(played by FLUTE)
O Wall, full often hast thou heard my moans,
For parting my fair Pyramus and me!
My cherry lips have often kissed thy stones,
Thy stones with lime and hair knit up in thee.
PYRAMUS
I see a voice. Now will I to the chink,
To spy an I can hear my Thisbe’s face. Thisbe?
THISBE
My love thou art, my love, I think.
William Shakespeare's A MIDSUMMER'S NIGHT DREAM Act 5 Scene 1
PROMISES & DECEPTION (Beware Of Bad, Bad Puns -
something about Chinks and cherry lips kissing thy stones :( )
I fear my Thisbe’s promise is forgot!—
And thou, O Wall, O sweet, O lovely Wall,
That stand’st between her father’s ground and mine.
Thou Wall, O Wall, O sweet and lovely Wall,
Show me thy chink to blink through with mine eyne!
I’m afraid my Thisbe has forgotten her promise!—And you, oh Wall,
oh sweet, oh lovely Wall, you stand between her father’s property and mine,
you Wall, oh Wall, oh sweet and lovely Wall.
Show me your hole to stick my eye up against!
WALL holds up fingers as chink e> oIII
Thanks, courteous Wall. Jove shield thee well for this!
But what see I? No Thisbe do I see.
O wicked Wall through whom I see no bliss!
Cursed be thy stones for thus deceiving me!
THESEUS
The wall, methinks, being sensible, should curse again.
BOTTOM
(out of character) No, in truth, sir, he should not.
“Deceiving me” is Thisbe’s cue.
She is to enter now and I am to spy her through the wall.
You shall see, it will fall pat as I told you. Yonder she comes.
Enter THISBE
THISBE
(played by FLUTE)
O Wall, full often hast thou heard my moans,
For parting my fair Pyramus and me!
My cherry lips have often kissed thy stones,
Thy stones with lime and hair knit up in thee.
PYRAMUS
I see a voice. Now will I to the chink,
To spy an I can hear my Thisbe’s face. Thisbe?
THISBE
My love thou art, my love, I think.
William Shakespeare's A MIDSUMMER'S NIGHT DREAM Act 5 Scene 1
| To read "Confession of a Gentile in Jerusalem: The Paradox of the Five Sheklim Blessing," click here. |
| To read "The Road to Emmaus," click here. |
| LONGTIME & HAPPY CINCINNATIANS FROM REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA AT WANGLAW HAPPY THANKSGIVING |
| Photo Courtesy of Wenhao Zhou, Esq. WANGLAW Painting below is of the Kura River flowing through Tbilisi, Georgia |
| A HAPPY CLIENT AT WANGLAW December 10, 2019 |
Photo courtesy of Wenhao Zhou, Esq.
Charleston C. K. Wang, Esq.
WANGLAW
WANGLAW
IN THE YEAR 2020: We shall be living in interesting times; We shall see the worst Governments have capacity to impose, We shall see soaring kindness in humanity as well. Where fathers and mothers have failed, Daughters and sons shall make right. Splintered and confounded by hate and cruelty, The Gates of Hell Shall Not Prevail. |
| IRAQI-AMERICAN FAMILY AT WANGLAW For its small part WANGLAW is prepared to litigate the most difficult immigration cases in 2020. |
| THE STRAIT OF DOVER AKA ENGLISH CHANNEL IS 20.7 MILES AT THE NARROWEST SEE MAP \ |
Charleston C, K, Wang
Speedo Swim
Speedo Swim
| HAPPY CHINESE LUNAR NEW YEAR January 25, 2020 |
| GRAND ORIENTAL RESTUARANT Best Dimsum in Cincinnati |
| CECI'S CHINESE NEW YEAR DUMPLING PARTY 02/01/2020 BEST HOMEMADE POTSTICKERS IN CINCINNATI |
| Moo Moo Chocolates |
| MEMBERS OF CHRIST CHURCH CATHEDRAL WITH SUSAN NOONAN, PRESIDENT OF THE FBI CINCINNATI CITIZENS ACADEMY ALUMNI ASSOCIATION AT ITS ANNUAL DINNER, RECEPTIONS BANQUET CENTER OF LOVELAND, 2/5/2020 |
| Charleston C. K, Wang. Esq. Cheryl Eagleson, Susan Noonan, President FBICAAA, Father George Hill, FBI Chaplain |
| KEEP CALM SWIM ON |
| TRIHEALTH PAVILION 2020 SWIM CHALLENGE 21 MILES IN 6 WEEKS Started January 13, 2020 > >FINISHED February 13, 2020 |
| GOD SAVE THE QUEEN! And Harry and Meghan too! |
"Donc, quand en Calais-Paris, savourez du cabernet sauvignon et de la crêpe aux champignons. C'est la joie de vivre." |
| KEEP CALM SWIM ON |
A VERY HAPPY WANGLAW CLIENT FROM KAZAKHSTAN,
Land of Borat Land of Borat
Land of Borat Land of Borat
| Charleston C. K, Wang, Esq. WANGLAW |
| Wenhao Zhou, Esq. WANGLAW |
| Photocredit:Oksana Zhuravska |
| Trihealth Pavilion 2015 SWIM THE COAST T-Shirt Awarded Distance Swim THIRTY FIVE (35) MILES March 2015 |
Bill Bell and Charleston C. K. Wang |
| MEET A LADY FROM CRIMEA (ETHNICITY TATAR) 2/18/2020 |
| DREAMING OF FABULOUS UZBEK SAMSA (SAMOSA) |
Charleston C K Wang
Speedo
Speedo
| SEASON OF LENT AT CHIRST CHURCH CATHEDRAL IN TH CITY OF CINCINNATI Wednesday February 26 to Saturday April 11, 2020 |
| OSHA SAVES LIVES - OSHA LEVEL C PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) This respirator NOT needed for coronavirus |
Charleston C K Wang
Speedo
Speedo
| KEEP CALM BREATHE ON |
THE DEPTH OF THE "DEEP STATE"
In the last few years, much has been said about the "Deep State" in these United
States, especially by conspiracy theorists. Most of it is polemics coming from very
high sources, tossed out to advance the political agenda of the perpetrator.
But what is the "Deep State?" Generally, there is no firm or standard definition as
the phrase varies greatly in context - that is time, place, and speaker. For example
the very hip urban dictionary on the internet defines "Deep State" as:
A theorized group of shadowy government figures that allegedly make
ruthless or nefarious executive decisions with no oversight, accountability,
or public record. By the very definition, the existence of the deep-state is
hard to disprove. ... The term is used very informally, likely because its
conspiratorial nature can carry an undertone of paranoia.
The staid Merriam-Webster dictionary defines "Deep State" as:
An alleged secret network of especially nonelected government officials and
sometimes private entities (as in the financial services and defense
industries) operating extralegally to influence and enact government policy.
I propose another definition of the "Deep State:" It is:
Civil servants, especially in the federal government, who have served under
two or more presidents and whose actions are governed by their objective
and good faith understanding of the United States Constitution and other laws
and regulations under the Constitution. These career civil servants are
motivated through their long years of service to the nation to do what they
sincerely believe to be ethical for the welfare of the naion and whose actions
transcends the politics of the day.
The dilemma faced by civil servants that come under my definition is what is one to
do when he or she sees improper, whether unlawful, unethical, or immoral. These
nebulous concepts create the first challenge - what is unlawful? Sometimes, lawyers,
and even judges cannot agree. Then, what is "unethical?" What is "immoral?"
For these reasons, and other reasons which includes fear of retaliation, many in the
"Deep State," especially those at the lower levels of government simply choose to
"run silent, run deep," that is keep quiet and do nothing and live another day maybe
to do something. Because they choose to run silent, we do not know their names
and cannot discuss their concerns.
For a few others, they become "whistleblowers," that is they inform a regulatory, law
enforcement, or oversight agency with the power to investigate. Perhaps, the best
In the last few years, much has been said about the "Deep State" in these United
States, especially by conspiracy theorists. Most of it is polemics coming from very
high sources, tossed out to advance the political agenda of the perpetrator.
But what is the "Deep State?" Generally, there is no firm or standard definition as
the phrase varies greatly in context - that is time, place, and speaker. For example
the very hip urban dictionary on the internet defines "Deep State" as:
A theorized group of shadowy government figures that allegedly make
ruthless or nefarious executive decisions with no oversight, accountability,
or public record. By the very definition, the existence of the deep-state is
hard to disprove. ... The term is used very informally, likely because its
conspiratorial nature can carry an undertone of paranoia.
The staid Merriam-Webster dictionary defines "Deep State" as:
An alleged secret network of especially nonelected government officials and
sometimes private entities (as in the financial services and defense
industries) operating extralegally to influence and enact government policy.
I propose another definition of the "Deep State:" It is:
Civil servants, especially in the federal government, who have served under
two or more presidents and whose actions are governed by their objective
and good faith understanding of the United States Constitution and other laws
and regulations under the Constitution. These career civil servants are
motivated through their long years of service to the nation to do what they
sincerely believe to be ethical for the welfare of the naion and whose actions
transcends the politics of the day.
The dilemma faced by civil servants that come under my definition is what is one to
do when he or she sees improper, whether unlawful, unethical, or immoral. These
nebulous concepts create the first challenge - what is unlawful? Sometimes, lawyers,
and even judges cannot agree. Then, what is "unethical?" What is "immoral?"
For these reasons, and other reasons which includes fear of retaliation, many in the
"Deep State," especially those at the lower levels of government simply choose to
"run silent, run deep," that is keep quiet and do nothing and live another day maybe
to do something. Because they choose to run silent, we do not know their names
and cannot discuss their concerns.
For a few others, they become "whistleblowers," that is they inform a regulatory, law
enforcement, or oversight agency with the power to investigate. Perhaps, the best
known name recently of a whistleblower at a relatively high level is Lt. Col. Alexander
Vindman. While serving in the National Security Council, Col. Vindman publicly
testified in person before the U. S. House of Representatives about the attempt by
President Donald Trump to get the Ukrainian government to investigate a political rival,
former Vice President Joe Biden and his son. The House voted to impeach the
President, but upon acquittal by the Senate, Col. Vindman and his twin brother were
relieved of their assignments to the White House. Traditionally, the whistleblower is
hated as a traitor deserving the highest penalty or admired as a quickly forgotten public
hero.
Then there are fewer others in the "Deep State" who dare to use their own official
powers to investigate the highest office holder. Most of these publicly known names
come from within the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Perhaps the most famous is
James Comey. He was dismissed from his post as Director of the FBI by President
Trump on May 9, 2017. The White House gave shifting reasons for the firing. Comey
insistss he was fired because of his refusal to stop the early stages of the Russian
investigation, that is the involvement of Trump associates in the Russian interference
with the Trump-Clinton election of 2016 (which was further investigated by Special
Counsel Robert Mueller).
Even as I write this opinion, the "Deep State" apparently continues to plague the
White House. I respectfully suggest that Dr. Anthony Fauci is one such person who
has come to the surface to openly contradict President Trump regarding his
position on COVID-19. In 1968, Dr. Fauci joined the National Institutes of Health (NIH)
as a clinical associate and now serves as head of the National Institute for Allergies
and Infectious Diseases within the NIH. In 2008, he won the Presidential Medal of
Freedom. His public statements based on science and epidemiological data are a
breath of fresh clean air in contrast to the unfounded statements from the President
on the coronavirus. Dr. Fauci's fact based statements to the public vitally
supplement the politicized statements issuing at the higher levels, including the
defensive understatements ab initio of the Surgeon General who was appointed by
the President in 2017. As of now, Dr. Fauci is still at his post.
So you see, the "Deep State" is deeper than what meets the eye. At this juncture of
time, place, and personalities. I am glad that we have a "Deep State" that speaks the
truth or blows the whistle, whether on matters of political wellbeing or public health.
As Greta Thunberg, wise beyond her years, famously said: "Nature doesn’t bargain, and
you cannot make deals with physics,” And King Canute, a Scandinavian of old, could
not stop the rise of the ocean tide by sitting on his throne on the beach.
Postscript: With the emerging coronavirus/COVID-19 emergency, it will be the "Deep
State" federal civil servants - e,g, scientists in the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, researchers in the National Institutes for Health, and commissioned officers
of the Public Health Service who will go forth to objectively assess and control the
epidemic.
An Opinion by Charleston C. K. Wang, Updated March 17, 2020.
Vindman. While serving in the National Security Council, Col. Vindman publicly
testified in person before the U. S. House of Representatives about the attempt by
President Donald Trump to get the Ukrainian government to investigate a political rival,
former Vice President Joe Biden and his son. The House voted to impeach the
President, but upon acquittal by the Senate, Col. Vindman and his twin brother were
relieved of their assignments to the White House. Traditionally, the whistleblower is
hated as a traitor deserving the highest penalty or admired as a quickly forgotten public
hero.
Then there are fewer others in the "Deep State" who dare to use their own official
powers to investigate the highest office holder. Most of these publicly known names
come from within the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Perhaps the most famous is
James Comey. He was dismissed from his post as Director of the FBI by President
Trump on May 9, 2017. The White House gave shifting reasons for the firing. Comey
insistss he was fired because of his refusal to stop the early stages of the Russian
investigation, that is the involvement of Trump associates in the Russian interference
with the Trump-Clinton election of 2016 (which was further investigated by Special
Counsel Robert Mueller).
Even as I write this opinion, the "Deep State" apparently continues to plague the
White House. I respectfully suggest that Dr. Anthony Fauci is one such person who
has come to the surface to openly contradict President Trump regarding his
position on COVID-19. In 1968, Dr. Fauci joined the National Institutes of Health (NIH)
as a clinical associate and now serves as head of the National Institute for Allergies
and Infectious Diseases within the NIH. In 2008, he won the Presidential Medal of
Freedom. His public statements based on science and epidemiological data are a
breath of fresh clean air in contrast to the unfounded statements from the President
on the coronavirus. Dr. Fauci's fact based statements to the public vitally
supplement the politicized statements issuing at the higher levels, including the
defensive understatements ab initio of the Surgeon General who was appointed by
the President in 2017. As of now, Dr. Fauci is still at his post.
So you see, the "Deep State" is deeper than what meets the eye. At this juncture of
time, place, and personalities. I am glad that we have a "Deep State" that speaks the
truth or blows the whistle, whether on matters of political wellbeing or public health.
As Greta Thunberg, wise beyond her years, famously said: "Nature doesn’t bargain, and
you cannot make deals with physics,” And King Canute, a Scandinavian of old, could
not stop the rise of the ocean tide by sitting on his throne on the beach.
Postscript: With the emerging coronavirus/COVID-19 emergency, it will be the "Deep
State" federal civil servants - e,g, scientists in the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, researchers in the National Institutes for Health, and commissioned officers
of the Public Health Service who will go forth to objectively assess and control the
epidemic.
An Opinion by Charleston C. K. Wang, Updated March 17, 2020.
---===oooOOOooo==--
| JON O'NEILL TRAVELS IN CAMBODIA, FEBRUARY - MARCH 2020 Click on photo to see full photonews |
KEEP CALM BREATHE ON!
The Coronavirus Does Not Play Politics
RECENTLY President Trump labelled himself a “War President.” Angela Merkel,
Chancellor of Germany in a rare national television address more subtly said that
"COVID-19 is the biggest challenge since World War II."
But who are we at war against? The new coronavirus which causes the COVID-19
sickness is sub-microscopic genetic material which occurs in nature. The virus
can only replicate inside another living host and causes illness when it invades
the cells of the host. This coronavirus is zoonotic, meaning that it can jump
from one animal species into another, for example from bats to humans.
Viruses have been with us since the first humans and most likely even before
that time. For example for thousands of years the human smallpox virus killed
many people and decimated the Aztecs in Mexico and other native populations in
the Americas in the sixteenth century. Dr. Edward Jenner, during a time when
smallpox was killing many people in the world noticed that milkmaids did not get
smallpox. But they got mild pox-like blisters from cows. This was cowpox. Dr.
Jenner is credited with discovering the smallpox vaccine which helped eradicate
smallpox. Dr. Jenner did this without knowing exactly what a virus was - he did
not have an electron microscope or DNA/RNA technology. But he did know
something about cows and milkmaids. The home of Dr. Edward Jenner is now a
museum where Blossom the Gloucester moo moo cow occupies a place of honor.
There, visitors can come and view her cow horns. Blossom supplied the cowpox
through a dairymaid named Sarah Nelmes that was used in Dr. Jenner's successful
experiment of inoculating eight year old James Phipps. The modern word vaccine
comes from vacca which is Latin for cow.
Smaller than bacteria, the virus first become known when in 1892 two scientists
discovered the tobacco mosaic virus, a virus that infects plants (the plant virus
is not known to infect animals). All types of viruses are and will be part of our
natural environment.
RECENTLY President Trump labelled himself a “War President.” Angela Merkel,
Chancellor of Germany in a rare national television address more subtly said that
"COVID-19 is the biggest challenge since World War II."
But who are we at war against? The new coronavirus which causes the COVID-19
sickness is sub-microscopic genetic material which occurs in nature. The virus
can only replicate inside another living host and causes illness when it invades
the cells of the host. This coronavirus is zoonotic, meaning that it can jump
from one animal species into another, for example from bats to humans.
Viruses have been with us since the first humans and most likely even before
that time. For example for thousands of years the human smallpox virus killed
many people and decimated the Aztecs in Mexico and other native populations in
the Americas in the sixteenth century. Dr. Edward Jenner, during a time when
smallpox was killing many people in the world noticed that milkmaids did not get
smallpox. But they got mild pox-like blisters from cows. This was cowpox. Dr.
Jenner is credited with discovering the smallpox vaccine which helped eradicate
smallpox. Dr. Jenner did this without knowing exactly what a virus was - he did
not have an electron microscope or DNA/RNA technology. But he did know
something about cows and milkmaids. The home of Dr. Edward Jenner is now a
museum where Blossom the Gloucester moo moo cow occupies a place of honor.
There, visitors can come and view her cow horns. Blossom supplied the cowpox
through a dairymaid named Sarah Nelmes that was used in Dr. Jenner's successful
experiment of inoculating eight year old James Phipps. The modern word vaccine
comes from vacca which is Latin for cow.
Smaller than bacteria, the virus first become known when in 1892 two scientists
discovered the tobacco mosaic virus, a virus that infects plants (the plant virus
is not known to infect animals). All types of viruses are and will be part of our
natural environment.
So how does one wage war or even play politics with a virus. Greta Thunberg,
wise beyond her years, recently said: "Nature doesn’t bargain, and you cannot
make deals with physics (in our case, biology).” The viral battlefield ultimately is our
own human body which must fight and defeat the virus, the foreign body. Our own
immune system produces antibodies that recognize and attach to the virus to
neutralize it.
Better yet, all of us can follow social practices to prevent the virus from entering
our own bodies in the first place. While every human being on earth may eventually
have to fight his or her own private war with the virus, prevention will flatten
the time occurrence curve. And give science time to search for a vaccine to
help prevent infection. Remember Dr. Edward Jenner, (and Blosson too) a
pioneer of the vaccination. And time to treat those seriously affected. We must
be mindful and ever thankful of all the health care professionals who are taking daily
risks to help the people who are sick.
This COVID-19 virus will cause economic dislocation and
human suffering, but unlike World War II or any other war
between nations, this war against the coronavirus is an
individual’s war. We must all play our role in preventing
its rapid spread. The good news is that the coronavirus
does not attack our infrastructure and all our homes, cars
and trucks, stores and factories will be there after humanity
has bested this virus (this is where our politicans can help -
to make sure no one loses the home and other personal
assets during this "war"). In the meantime, we must have
spirit to look out for not only ourselves but our neighbors,
near and far. And spring and Easter are coming.
An opinion by Charleston C. K. Wang, March 22, 2020.
wise beyond her years, recently said: "Nature doesn’t bargain, and you cannot
make deals with physics (in our case, biology).” The viral battlefield ultimately is our
own human body which must fight and defeat the virus, the foreign body. Our own
immune system produces antibodies that recognize and attach to the virus to
neutralize it.
Better yet, all of us can follow social practices to prevent the virus from entering
our own bodies in the first place. While every human being on earth may eventually
have to fight his or her own private war with the virus, prevention will flatten
the time occurrence curve. And give science time to search for a vaccine to
help prevent infection. Remember Dr. Edward Jenner, (and Blosson too) a
pioneer of the vaccination. And time to treat those seriously affected. We must
be mindful and ever thankful of all the health care professionals who are taking daily
risks to help the people who are sick.
This COVID-19 virus will cause economic dislocation and
human suffering, but unlike World War II or any other war
between nations, this war against the coronavirus is an
individual’s war. We must all play our role in preventing
its rapid spread. The good news is that the coronavirus
does not attack our infrastructure and all our homes, cars
and trucks, stores and factories will be there after humanity
has bested this virus (this is where our politicans can help -
to make sure no one loses the home and other personal
assets during this "war"). In the meantime, we must have
spirit to look out for not only ourselves but our neighbors,
near and far. And spring and Easter are coming.
An opinion by Charleston C. K. Wang, March 22, 2020.
---===oooOOOooo==--
To enjoy more flower arrays, click on photo
OF MICE AND COWS
Over 200 years ago, Robert Burns wrote To a Mouse: “The best
laid schemes o' mice an' men / Gang aft agley.” That observation
still fascinates us today, a time of the virus, human illness, and
economic malaise. Ergo the travails of the stock markets all over
the world. But stay calm and breathe on.
As for cows, I already wrote something about them (see article below) -
how a Gloucester moo moo cow and a milkmaid helped Dr. Edward
Jenner eradicate the smallpox through vaccination. But do not
overlook the potential contribution of the tiny mouse in the current
fight against the new coronavirus and COVID-19.
Some people develop mild or little symptoms after exposure to the
new coronavirus while others become critically ill or even die. Using
the basic principles of virology which go back to smallpox days, the
question then is why some people can fight off COVID-19? Can
the plasma of COVID -19 survivors be used to help those who are
critically ill? A technique can be traced back to over 100 years and
that was used with varying success more recently against the H1N1
pandemic in 2009 and 2013 Ebola epidemic .
Over 200 years ago, Robert Burns wrote To a Mouse: “The best
laid schemes o' mice an' men / Gang aft agley.” That observation
still fascinates us today, a time of the virus, human illness, and
economic malaise. Ergo the travails of the stock markets all over
the world. But stay calm and breathe on.
As for cows, I already wrote something about them (see article below) -
how a Gloucester moo moo cow and a milkmaid helped Dr. Edward
Jenner eradicate the smallpox through vaccination. But do not
overlook the potential contribution of the tiny mouse in the current
fight against the new coronavirus and COVID-19.
Some people develop mild or little symptoms after exposure to the
new coronavirus while others become critically ill or even die. Using
the basic principles of virology which go back to smallpox days, the
question then is why some people can fight off COVID-19? Can
the plasma of COVID -19 survivors be used to help those who are
critically ill? A technique can be traced back to over 100 years and
that was used with varying success more recently against the H1N1
pandemic in 2009 and 2013 Ebola epidemic .
| The light shines in the darkness, and the darkness did not overcome it. |
| Science Officer U.S.S. Moomoocow |
On March 24, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration through an emergency investigational new drug (IND) protocol, gave permission to
researchers and doctors to request the use of plasma from COVID-19 survivors to deliver antibodies to seriously ill patients. This treatment is also
known as convalescent therapy.
At the same time, mice with human immune systems are being recruited to help in the safe development towards plasma therapy and other treatments
and even a vaccine specific to COVID-19. So much for the best laid plans of mice and men often going astray!
Once again, it is worth repeating, that while many politicians see themselves as leading a national war against the coronavirus, this virus does not
attack a society's infrastructure. Once humanity has overcome COVID-19, each and every home, car, truck, shop, and factory will still be here. Our
politicians have the duty to ensure that no citizen loses his or her home, or other important property because of the need to fight the virus.
But the coronavirus does take a toll on the human body and the human spirit. While many protocols other than plasma treatment are in the test phase,
we can have confidence that medical science, given time, will yield one or more treatments and a vaccine against the virus. In the meantime, each and
every one of us must practice social distancing and good hygiene to reduce the spread of the cononavirus and "flatten the curve." And give thanks
to the health professionals, clinical and research, who are on the "front lines" of this "war."
As for the spirit, we must draw upon our inner strength and our faith in that which is good. We must see not only to ourselves, but to our neighbors, near
and far, because humanity and the spirit are in this fight together. Light will overcome darkness. Warmer weather is upon us; spring is here, and Easter
will come soon.
Charleston C. K. Wang, Updated March 29, 2020.
researchers and doctors to request the use of plasma from COVID-19 survivors to deliver antibodies to seriously ill patients. This treatment is also
known as convalescent therapy.
At the same time, mice with human immune systems are being recruited to help in the safe development towards plasma therapy and other treatments
and even a vaccine specific to COVID-19. So much for the best laid plans of mice and men often going astray!
Once again, it is worth repeating, that while many politicians see themselves as leading a national war against the coronavirus, this virus does not
attack a society's infrastructure. Once humanity has overcome COVID-19, each and every home, car, truck, shop, and factory will still be here. Our
politicians have the duty to ensure that no citizen loses his or her home, or other important property because of the need to fight the virus.
But the coronavirus does take a toll on the human body and the human spirit. While many protocols other than plasma treatment are in the test phase,
we can have confidence that medical science, given time, will yield one or more treatments and a vaccine against the virus. In the meantime, each and
every one of us must practice social distancing and good hygiene to reduce the spread of the cononavirus and "flatten the curve." And give thanks
to the health professionals, clinical and research, who are on the "front lines" of this "war."
As for the spirit, we must draw upon our inner strength and our faith in that which is good. We must see not only to ourselves, but to our neighbors, near
and far, because humanity and the spirit are in this fight together. Light will overcome darkness. Warmer weather is upon us; spring is here, and Easter
will come soon.
Charleston C. K. Wang, Updated March 29, 2020.
| Live long & prosper |
| The Bombing of London During World War II |
RECALLING JOHN MAYNARD KEYNES
After a series of financial tremors, stock prices on Wall Street plunged 11%. This
crash occurred on Black Thursday, October 24, 1929. The bear market lasted into
1932 dragging the United States and the world economies into a decade of
impoverishment.
The collapse on Wall Street after the period of ease and speculation known as the
Roaring Twenties induced a panic on Main Street Many people who did not invest
in stocks rushed to withdraw their savings deposits from banks in big cities to small
towns. They demanded the banks give them cash. This led to the many banks closing
their doors. Businesses defaulted on their loans and the desperate banks foreclosed.
One closure let to another. Businesses ran out of money and people lost their jobs.
Quickly the economy was in free fall.
The downward spiral seemed to have no end. The interest rate for borrowing
money fell to very low levels for the times and yet there was no interest or ability
to borrow. By 1932, U. S. industrial production was -46%, foreign trade fell 78% and
unemployment rose 600%.
The bankers and financiers during those dark days were at the end of their
wits, and for some, their lives. It seems there was nothing the captains of American
industry could do to save the country. Despair and hopelessness was the order of
the day.
But, the economist John Maynard Keynes saw more, and in 1936, explained in his
book General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money:
"There is the possibility...that, after the rate of interest has fallen to a certain level,
liquidity-preference may become virtually absolute in the sense that almost everyone
prefers cash to holding a debt which yields so low a rate of interest. In this event the
monetary authority would have lost effective control over the rate of interest. But
whilst this limiting case might become practically important in future, I know of no
example of it hitherto."
This observation is now known in technical economics language as the "Liquidity
Trap." Today, this phenomenon is also called the exhaustion of "Monetary Policy."
Most of the time, once we have identified the problem and have given it a name, the
cure is close at hand. So it was with the liquidity trap.
So here is the Keynesian Solution in the context of the Great Depression: Since
the banks are unable to make loans for both lack of demand for borrowing and a
shocking shortage of money because of the preceding run on financial
institutions, the answer must come from the Federal Government through direct
spending. Unfortunately, perhaps due to a lag in understanding of economics in
those days, this solution was not implemented sooner.
This does not mean the unprincipled or desperate printing of money in the hope of
stimulating consumption, or simply helping the people buy bread, as this will inexorably
lead to spiraling inflation and rapid devaluation of the national currency. This
unfortunate scenario was unfolding in many countries including major nations in Europe.
After a series of financial tremors, stock prices on Wall Street plunged 11%. This
crash occurred on Black Thursday, October 24, 1929. The bear market lasted into
1932 dragging the United States and the world economies into a decade of
impoverishment.
The collapse on Wall Street after the period of ease and speculation known as the
Roaring Twenties induced a panic on Main Street Many people who did not invest
in stocks rushed to withdraw their savings deposits from banks in big cities to small
towns. They demanded the banks give them cash. This led to the many banks closing
their doors. Businesses defaulted on their loans and the desperate banks foreclosed.
One closure let to another. Businesses ran out of money and people lost their jobs.
Quickly the economy was in free fall.
The downward spiral seemed to have no end. The interest rate for borrowing
money fell to very low levels for the times and yet there was no interest or ability
to borrow. By 1932, U. S. industrial production was -46%, foreign trade fell 78% and
unemployment rose 600%.
The bankers and financiers during those dark days were at the end of their
wits, and for some, their lives. It seems there was nothing the captains of American
industry could do to save the country. Despair and hopelessness was the order of
the day.
But, the economist John Maynard Keynes saw more, and in 1936, explained in his
book General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money:
"There is the possibility...that, after the rate of interest has fallen to a certain level,
liquidity-preference may become virtually absolute in the sense that almost everyone
prefers cash to holding a debt which yields so low a rate of interest. In this event the
monetary authority would have lost effective control over the rate of interest. But
whilst this limiting case might become practically important in future, I know of no
example of it hitherto."
This observation is now known in technical economics language as the "Liquidity
Trap." Today, this phenomenon is also called the exhaustion of "Monetary Policy."
Most of the time, once we have identified the problem and have given it a name, the
cure is close at hand. So it was with the liquidity trap.
So here is the Keynesian Solution in the context of the Great Depression: Since
the banks are unable to make loans for both lack of demand for borrowing and a
shocking shortage of money because of the preceding run on financial
institutions, the answer must come from the Federal Government through direct
spending. Unfortunately, perhaps due to a lag in understanding of economics in
those days, this solution was not implemented sooner.
This does not mean the unprincipled or desperate printing of money in the hope of
stimulating consumption, or simply helping the people buy bread, as this will inexorably
lead to spiraling inflation and rapid devaluation of the national currency. This
unfortunate scenario was unfolding in many countries including major nations in Europe.
To be yet wiser, the national government must restart a stagnating economy by
organizing employment for people desperate for work and paying for their work.
This must be implemented gradually over months stretching into years. President
Franklin D. Roosevelt and the U. S. Congress began to institute an extensive series
of public work projects, as well as, financial reforms, and regulations to help bring
the nation out of the Great Depression.
Direct government spending to create jobs and make payroll in aid of an depleted
monetary policy (the liquidity trap or stagnation of the flow of currency) is also
known as "Fiscal Policy." The liquidity trap during the Great Depression has been
verified by many research studies after that terrible decade and federal fiscal policy
is credited in helping America emerge from the Great Depression up until 1941
when World War II came to these shores.
Over the years, Keynesian economics, having been criticized as socialism and
deficit spending, is somewhat faded. But I think Keynes was an English capitalist
who saw clearly the limits of capitalism and was sufficiently liberal to look for an
answer outside the bank vault. At the risk of giving John Maynard Keynes too
much credit, brilliant economist as he was, (he had detractors for his economics
and other reasons as well - he was bisexual and an advocate for women's right
and gender equality) the New Deal beginning in 1932 is a version of the Keynesian
understanding of currency/money liquidity and the economic solution to the
liquidity trap and unemployment.
The liquidity trap was observed once again in the Great Recession of 2008, caused
by an over-extended real estate mortgage market. Now in 2020, we are witnessing
a new liquidity trap. The Federal Reserve has dropped its interest rate to around 0%
but this move had minimum effect in restoring economic confidence on Wall Street,
insofar as it is measured by stock prices.
Accordingly, during March the U. S. Congress quickly passed two pieces of spending
legislation over $2 trillion. Perhaps, and luckily, the risk of inflation currently is
offset by record low oil prices. Even so, on March 31, President Donald Trump, to
his credit, is consulting with Congress for another $2 trillion in a direct infrastructure
spending package to help heal the economic malaise. Perhaps it is appropriate for
quote Chairman Deng Xiaoping who famously said: "No matter if it is a white cat or a
black cat; as long as it can catch mice, it is a good cat." Meoow.
An opinion by Charleston C. K. Wang, April 1, 2020.
DOES DOSE MAKE A DIFFERENCE IN COVID-19 TRANSMISSION?
When Can America Go Back to Work:
A Question of Dose-Morbidity Threshold and Cost-Benefit Analysis?
There is a time-tested adage in toxicology - "the dose makes the poison." This
principle is the scientific basis for OSHA industrial hygiene regulations/exposure
standards. It is applicable to chemical agents (including carcinogens) and
physical agents (including radiation which also causes cancer).
This concept is also vital in pharmacology and medicine- "the dose determines
the cure."
The question then is dosage of exposure during transmission of the COVID-19
virus and onset of illness one of the factors in severity of subsequent illness?
Stated alternately, ceteris paribus, does virus dose (both concentration
multiplied by time duration of exposure) make a direct difference to
morbidity/mortality? The follow-up inquiry then is - "Is there a threshold level?"
- this question will be critical for public policy in coming days.
Think of it this way - can a human body successfully, through the immune
response, resist a single invading coronavirus unit or its active"molecule"?
10, 1,000, 1 million, 1 trillion? Where does the morbid dose fall - is there a
threshold or not? This threshold question was debated very intensely during
OSHA policy standard setting vis-a-vis carcinogens - the zero exposure
threshold argument based on carcinogenesis from a single molecule was set
aside. This is why OSHAenforces a permissible exposure level for known
carcinogens such as asbestos, benzene, coke oven emissions, etc. albeit
set very low.
Indeed, present technology for COVID-19 testing yields quantitative data on
"load" in samples taken from patients. Currently, virus concentration or "viral
load" can be expressed as "copies per milliliter." Samples extracted from the
upper respiratory tract of COVID-19 positive patients show virus concentrations
ranging from around a low of 4 log ten (range in the 10,000) to 6 log ten (range in
the millions) depending on the age of the patient (published on March 23, 2020 in
Lancet). Comparable reports have appeared, inter alia, in the New England
Journal of Medicine, Journal of Clinical Microbiology).
The availability of quantitative data lends itself to the construction of a classical
"dose-response curve." An earlier article dated February 20, 2020 in the Journal
of Korean Medical Science presents a discussion of "Viral Load Kinetics"
wherein the authors correlate virus concentrations (decreasing) over duration of
illness in two patients.
When Can America Go Back to Work:
A Question of Dose-Morbidity Threshold and Cost-Benefit Analysis?
There is a time-tested adage in toxicology - "the dose makes the poison." This
principle is the scientific basis for OSHA industrial hygiene regulations/exposure
standards. It is applicable to chemical agents (including carcinogens) and
physical agents (including radiation which also causes cancer).
This concept is also vital in pharmacology and medicine- "the dose determines
the cure."
The question then is dosage of exposure during transmission of the COVID-19
virus and onset of illness one of the factors in severity of subsequent illness?
Stated alternately, ceteris paribus, does virus dose (both concentration
multiplied by time duration of exposure) make a direct difference to
morbidity/mortality? The follow-up inquiry then is - "Is there a threshold level?"
- this question will be critical for public policy in coming days.
Think of it this way - can a human body successfully, through the immune
response, resist a single invading coronavirus unit or its active"molecule"?
10, 1,000, 1 million, 1 trillion? Where does the morbid dose fall - is there a
threshold or not? This threshold question was debated very intensely during
OSHA policy standard setting vis-a-vis carcinogens - the zero exposure
threshold argument based on carcinogenesis from a single molecule was set
aside. This is why OSHAenforces a permissible exposure level for known
carcinogens such as asbestos, benzene, coke oven emissions, etc. albeit
set very low.
Indeed, present technology for COVID-19 testing yields quantitative data on
"load" in samples taken from patients. Currently, virus concentration or "viral
load" can be expressed as "copies per milliliter." Samples extracted from the
upper respiratory tract of COVID-19 positive patients show virus concentrations
ranging from around a low of 4 log ten (range in the 10,000) to 6 log ten (range in
the millions) depending on the age of the patient (published on March 23, 2020 in
Lancet). Comparable reports have appeared, inter alia, in the New England
Journal of Medicine, Journal of Clinical Microbiology).
The availability of quantitative data lends itself to the construction of a classical
"dose-response curve." An earlier article dated February 20, 2020 in the Journal
of Korean Medical Science presents a discussion of "Viral Load Kinetics"
wherein the authors correlate virus concentrations (decreasing) over duration of
illness in two patients.
This is not exactly on point for this discussion on dosage response in the
context of transmission from a person with the virus (perhaps pre-symptomatic
or even asymptomatic, not to be ruling anything out) to a virus free person.
Perhaps it is impossible to do controlled studies on the human population but
epidemiological data or animal data may be found if looked for. Such
information may prove vital in future public health policy debates as to when
draconian quarantine can be eased? Under what circumstances is it safe to go
back to work? The question will increasingly be a subject matter of public
discussions in the days to come.
Finally, looming always somewhere out there is the specter of or even need for
cost-benefit analysis? To recap at the risk of over-simplification or even
over-reach, cost-benefit analysis in public health policy-making is a economic
evaluation methodology where the costs of the program or intervention are
compared to the benefits of the intervention, and both costs and benefits
compared in terms of dollars. Efforts at such cost-benefit analysis have always
been plagued by the need to put a dollar value on human life.
An opinion by Charleston C. K, Wang. April 9, 2020. He was a former OSHA
Compliance Officer and a former Board Certified Industrial Hygienist. He also
conducted research on control technology with NIOSH/CDC.
context of transmission from a person with the virus (perhaps pre-symptomatic
or even asymptomatic, not to be ruling anything out) to a virus free person.
Perhaps it is impossible to do controlled studies on the human population but
epidemiological data or animal data may be found if looked for. Such
information may prove vital in future public health policy debates as to when
draconian quarantine can be eased? Under what circumstances is it safe to go
back to work? The question will increasingly be a subject matter of public
discussions in the days to come.
Finally, looming always somewhere out there is the specter of or even need for
cost-benefit analysis? To recap at the risk of over-simplification or even
over-reach, cost-benefit analysis in public health policy-making is a economic
evaluation methodology where the costs of the program or intervention are
compared to the benefits of the intervention, and both costs and benefits
compared in terms of dollars. Efforts at such cost-benefit analysis have always
been plagued by the need to put a dollar value on human life.
An opinion by Charleston C. K, Wang. April 9, 2020. He was a former OSHA
Compliance Officer and a former Board Certified Industrial Hygienist. He also
conducted research on control technology with NIOSH/CDC.
| KEEP CALM BREATHE ON |
| OSHA SAVES LIVES - OSHA LEVEL C PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) This full-face air-purifying respirator fitted with HEPA P100 (color coded pink) filter cartridges NOT needed for coronavirus |
ANATOMY OF A NIOSH/OSHA RESPIRATOR
Currently because of the novel coronavirus, there are many stories and photos of
respiratory PPEs (short for personal protective equipment). A vital component is
respiratory protection - the face mask - since the virus is transmitted person to person
though liquid droplets ejected from the mouth and nose of an infected person.
There is a great demand and a shortage of the disposable "N95 mask" (technically a
"filtering facepiece respirator or FFR). The National Institute For Occupational Safety
and Health (NIOSH), a research agency within the Centers of Disease Control and
Prevention, defines the N95 respirators as those "that filters at least 95% of airborne
particles but is not resistant to oil." Ideally, and OSHA has always emphasized that a
respirator should be selected based on test-fitting to the face of the wearer. Test-fitting
is usually is not done on disposable N95 masks, and there always the question of having
a good fit and therefore seal. The user must be trained to properly don the respirator
and field check for seal and leakage before entering the hazardous environment.
To work optimally, an air filtering PPE respirator must have separate exhalation and
inhalation valves. The inhalation valve(s) is designed to open and the exhalation valve
to close when the wearer breathes in - all the contaminated air must now pass through
the filter which is attached to the exhalation valve and is purified by the filter. When
breathing out the opposite happens with the valves - the design allows the moisture
laden breath to pass to the outside the mask directly bypassing the filters. This prevents
the precious filter material from saturating which will occur quickly without the valves.
Since the virus is transmitted in aqueous droplets ejected from the nose and mouth, once
the filter is saturated with water, it becomes permeable to virus laden liquid droplets. More
so on a 95% filter than one with say 99.97% removal efficiency.
The photograph on the right showsthe inside of my OSHA issued test-fitted half-face
air-purifying respirator which I used when I was an OSHA Compliance Officer. In the
center of the rubber polymer face-piece is the EXHALATION VALVE. On the left and right
are the INHALATION VALVES that connect to twin filter cartridges. Note that fitted with twin
HEPA P100 filter cartridges which are color coded magenta or "pink." The HEPA P100 is
NIOSH rated for removal of 99.97% of aerosols that include both very fine liquid and solid
particulates. This is the only filter sufficient to protect against asbestos, a deadly
carcinogen that causes lung cancer and mesothelioma.
Currently because of the novel coronavirus, there are many stories and photos of
respiratory PPEs (short for personal protective equipment). A vital component is
respiratory protection - the face mask - since the virus is transmitted person to person
though liquid droplets ejected from the mouth and nose of an infected person.
There is a great demand and a shortage of the disposable "N95 mask" (technically a
"filtering facepiece respirator or FFR). The National Institute For Occupational Safety
and Health (NIOSH), a research agency within the Centers of Disease Control and
Prevention, defines the N95 respirators as those "that filters at least 95% of airborne
particles but is not resistant to oil." Ideally, and OSHA has always emphasized that a
respirator should be selected based on test-fitting to the face of the wearer. Test-fitting
is usually is not done on disposable N95 masks, and there always the question of having
a good fit and therefore seal. The user must be trained to properly don the respirator
and field check for seal and leakage before entering the hazardous environment.
To work optimally, an air filtering PPE respirator must have separate exhalation and
inhalation valves. The inhalation valve(s) is designed to open and the exhalation valve
to close when the wearer breathes in - all the contaminated air must now pass through
the filter which is attached to the exhalation valve and is purified by the filter. When
breathing out the opposite happens with the valves - the design allows the moisture
laden breath to pass to the outside the mask directly bypassing the filters. This prevents
the precious filter material from saturating which will occur quickly without the valves.
Since the virus is transmitted in aqueous droplets ejected from the nose and mouth, once
the filter is saturated with water, it becomes permeable to virus laden liquid droplets. More
so on a 95% filter than one with say 99.97% removal efficiency.
The photograph on the right showsthe inside of my OSHA issued test-fitted half-face
air-purifying respirator which I used when I was an OSHA Compliance Officer. In the
center of the rubber polymer face-piece is the EXHALATION VALVE. On the left and right
are the INHALATION VALVES that connect to twin filter cartridges. Note that fitted with twin
HEPA P100 filter cartridges which are color coded magenta or "pink." The HEPA P100 is
NIOSH rated for removal of 99.97% of aerosols that include both very fine liquid and solid
particulates. This is the only filter sufficient to protect against asbestos, a deadly
carcinogen that causes lung cancer and mesothelioma.
The photograph on the left shows the front outside of the same mask. Note the
external port of the EXHALATION VALVE in the lower center of the face-piece and
the twin magenta filter cartridges that connect to INHALATION VALVES which are
hidden from view . These filters are replaceable as needed. The face-piece can
and must be cleaned regularly with soap and water. While all viruses are very
small, the novel coronavirus is transmitted in larger liquid droplets, ergo the
N95 mask.
Presently most of the N95 masks in use against the coronavirus do not have
replaceable filters. So there is no INHALATION VALVE because the mask itself
functions as the inhalation mechanism. The better masks have a built in
exhalation valve and prt which prevent the mask from saturating with condensed
moisture from the wearer's exhaled breath. Of course infected persons should
not be issued masks with an exhalation valve. Such masks also should not be
used in enviromments calling for sterile fields such as the surgical operating room.
Finally, the basic question during this COVID-19 pandemic is why do we wear masks
- to protect ourselves being being infected or to prevent an infected person to
spread the coronavirus to healthy persons?
Even with the simpler disposable N95s, adequate supply is always a concern.
Over time, when the situation stabilizes, the use of a better respirator plus
test-fitting (balanced against the convenience and perceived safety provided by
disposable masks in infectious environments) should be given further research
and review, especially in the context of occupational safety and health. Recall the
old OSHA wisdom - protect the first responders first.
An opinion by Charleston C. K. Wang. Updated April 8, 2020. He was a former OSHA
Compliance Officer and a former Board Certified Industrial Hygienist. He also
conducted research on control technology with NIOSH/CDC.
external port of the EXHALATION VALVE in the lower center of the face-piece and
the twin magenta filter cartridges that connect to INHALATION VALVES which are
hidden from view . These filters are replaceable as needed. The face-piece can
and must be cleaned regularly with soap and water. While all viruses are very
small, the novel coronavirus is transmitted in larger liquid droplets, ergo the
N95 mask.
Presently most of the N95 masks in use against the coronavirus do not have
replaceable filters. So there is no INHALATION VALVE because the mask itself
functions as the inhalation mechanism. The better masks have a built in
exhalation valve and prt which prevent the mask from saturating with condensed
moisture from the wearer's exhaled breath. Of course infected persons should
not be issued masks with an exhalation valve. Such masks also should not be
used in enviromments calling for sterile fields such as the surgical operating room.
Finally, the basic question during this COVID-19 pandemic is why do we wear masks
- to protect ourselves being being infected or to prevent an infected person to
spread the coronavirus to healthy persons?
Even with the simpler disposable N95s, adequate supply is always a concern.
Over time, when the situation stabilizes, the use of a better respirator plus
test-fitting (balanced against the convenience and perceived safety provided by
disposable masks in infectious environments) should be given further research
and review, especially in the context of occupational safety and health. Recall the
old OSHA wisdom - protect the first responders first.
An opinion by Charleston C. K. Wang. Updated April 8, 2020. He was a former OSHA
Compliance Officer and a former Board Certified Industrial Hygienist. He also
conducted research on control technology with NIOSH/CDC.
EXHALATION VALVE^
| INHALATION V VALVES V |
EXHALATION PORT TO VALVE^
FILTER
CARTRIDGE
MAGENTA V
CARTRIDGE
MAGENTA V
FILTER
CARTRIDGE
MAGENTA
V
CARTRIDGE
MAGENTA
V
Will We Ever Learn?
The outcome of these practices is “neighborliness” – “love your neighbor as yourself”. So, here we are, historical, Biblical philosophy come to life for the whole planet in this
Pandemic. Maybe this is our version of the continuing story of humanity. Victor Frankl chose to find meaning in his internment in the barbaric circumstances of Auschwitz during
WWII. My meaning in this crisis is a narrative of an evolutionary phase that humanity is going through. To me this means we’re not adrift, we’re afloat on the sea of history with
beginnings, endings and new beginnings.
Whether or not our new beginnings will make another try at fulfilling this Sinai directive, remains to be seen. Brueggemann points out that in the original story “…in deep ways the
children of the narrative resist the vision” of neighborliness.
Moses chided his resistant listeners, (even when they were leaders of the country??)
Do not be hard hearted or tightfisted toward your needy neighbor. You should rather open your hand, willingly lending enough to meet the need, whatever it may be.”
… (Deut 15:7-11)
Where, O where is our Moses?
Maybe our Moses is collective. It’s the people cheering on the health workers, the government officials who scour heaven and earth for the protective equipment and ventilators
that our “resistant listeners” neglected to garner. It’s all of us curve-flatteners staying home doing puzzles and writing essays to make some sense of this. I cannot say it better
than Walter, a Cincinnati compatriot in promoting an Economics of Compassion: His Journey To The Common Good says,
“ In, with, and under all of our political and theological claims, there is this holy will, purpose, and presence" that doesn’t quit. It is holiness marked by a severe fidelity.
Our society has been, for much too long, a community With ears that do not hear, with eyes that do not see with hearts that do not comprehe (Isa 6-9; Mark 8:17-18)
And now, perhaps healing,perhaps to arrive at the mountain (with Moses), perhaps to chance the triad of God’s joy (with Jeremiah), perhaps to move through hope to
reconstruction (with Isaiah).
This is all an enormous “perhaps”. But we live in hope.”
Blessed Passover and Happy Easter. And, thank you, Walter.
Beverly Jones Copyright 2020 All Rights Reserved. We are doing good. We’re doing it Together.
Notes:
Walter Brueggemann, Journey to the Commaon Good, https://www.amazon.com/Journey-Common-Good-Walter-Brueggemann-ebook/dp/B004ASOYA0
Zoe Milford's A President Sang Amazing Grace - You Tube
The outcome of these practices is “neighborliness” – “love your neighbor as yourself”. So, here we are, historical, Biblical philosophy come to life for the whole planet in this
Pandemic. Maybe this is our version of the continuing story of humanity. Victor Frankl chose to find meaning in his internment in the barbaric circumstances of Auschwitz during
WWII. My meaning in this crisis is a narrative of an evolutionary phase that humanity is going through. To me this means we’re not adrift, we’re afloat on the sea of history with
beginnings, endings and new beginnings.
Whether or not our new beginnings will make another try at fulfilling this Sinai directive, remains to be seen. Brueggemann points out that in the original story “…in deep ways the
children of the narrative resist the vision” of neighborliness.
Moses chided his resistant listeners, (even when they were leaders of the country??)
Do not be hard hearted or tightfisted toward your needy neighbor. You should rather open your hand, willingly lending enough to meet the need, whatever it may be.”
… (Deut 15:7-11)
Where, O where is our Moses?
Maybe our Moses is collective. It’s the people cheering on the health workers, the government officials who scour heaven and earth for the protective equipment and ventilators
that our “resistant listeners” neglected to garner. It’s all of us curve-flatteners staying home doing puzzles and writing essays to make some sense of this. I cannot say it better
than Walter, a Cincinnati compatriot in promoting an Economics of Compassion: His Journey To The Common Good says,
“ In, with, and under all of our political and theological claims, there is this holy will, purpose, and presence" that doesn’t quit. It is holiness marked by a severe fidelity.
Our society has been, for much too long, a community With ears that do not hear, with eyes that do not see with hearts that do not comprehe (Isa 6-9; Mark 8:17-18)
And now, perhaps healing,perhaps to arrive at the mountain (with Moses), perhaps to chance the triad of God’s joy (with Jeremiah), perhaps to move through hope to
reconstruction (with Isaiah).
This is all an enormous “perhaps”. But we live in hope.”
Blessed Passover and Happy Easter. And, thank you, Walter.
Beverly Jones Copyright 2020 All Rights Reserved. We are doing good. We’re doing it Together.
Notes:
Walter Brueggemann, Journey to the Commaon Good, https://www.amazon.com/Journey-Common-Good-Walter-Brueggemann-ebook/dp/B004ASOYA0
Zoe Milford's A President Sang Amazing Grace - You Tube
Reflections On Life In The Turn Lane, .April 10, 2020 by Beverly Jones.
One thing about face masks, smiles don’t show. I was surprised to find that my automatic smile-based
greeting in the grocery store didn’t prompt the usual response. It took me a moment to revert to a
head nod or hand wave as a substitute. Will I forget how to smile?
I’ve already forgotten how to watch TV coverage of my president without reverting to the childhood
ear plugging and la-la-la-ing to drown him out. After that I need the balm of Zoe Milford’s song
“The (My) President Amazing Grace”. My, that seems like a life-time ago.
I’d also forgotten how the old can be new again when I began re-reading Walter Brueggemann’s
Journey To the Common Good. At last! This COVID-19 devastation and disruption has a context. Here
it was, published in 2010 as a response to our previous economic disaster; it’s the connection with
COVID-19 that made sense to me.
Our predicament is the Exodus-Sinai story but with technology: ventilators, refrigerator morgue
trucks and face masks. That this is the week of Passover and Easter, is just too spooky. Anyway,
Walter says;,
“The (exodus) narrative moves out beyond Israel to see that this is the narrative quality of the entire
human historical process.”
OK. I get it! We are in the midst of “the entire human historical process.” What a relief! What really
gives me hope is that the Pandemic legislation that Congress just passed seems to match what Walter
explains as “an uncommon social ethic” arising from that “exodus-Sinai memory”. Here is the historic
recommendation. Compare it to recent relief legislation created by our current Congress:
· *Debts owed by the poor are to be cancelled after seven years, so that there is no permanent
underclass." (Deut. 15-1-18):
· *No interest is to be charged on loans to members of the community." (Deut: 23:10-20)
· *No collateral is to be required on loans made to poor people." (Deut: 24:10-13)
· * "No withholding of wages that are due to the poor. (Deut: 24:14-15) …the economy is to make
regular provision for the needy and the marginalized." (Deut. 24:19-22)
If the last admonition had been followed, we would probably not be seeing the high proportion of
black and Hispanic deaths in this pandemic.
One thing about face masks, smiles don’t show. I was surprised to find that my automatic smile-based
greeting in the grocery store didn’t prompt the usual response. It took me a moment to revert to a
head nod or hand wave as a substitute. Will I forget how to smile?
I’ve already forgotten how to watch TV coverage of my president without reverting to the childhood
ear plugging and la-la-la-ing to drown him out. After that I need the balm of Zoe Milford’s song
“The (My) President Amazing Grace”. My, that seems like a life-time ago.
I’d also forgotten how the old can be new again when I began re-reading Walter Brueggemann’s
Journey To the Common Good. At last! This COVID-19 devastation and disruption has a context. Here
it was, published in 2010 as a response to our previous economic disaster; it’s the connection with
COVID-19 that made sense to me.
Our predicament is the Exodus-Sinai story but with technology: ventilators, refrigerator morgue
trucks and face masks. That this is the week of Passover and Easter, is just too spooky. Anyway,
Walter says;,
“The (exodus) narrative moves out beyond Israel to see that this is the narrative quality of the entire
human historical process.”
OK. I get it! We are in the midst of “the entire human historical process.” What a relief! What really
gives me hope is that the Pandemic legislation that Congress just passed seems to match what Walter
explains as “an uncommon social ethic” arising from that “exodus-Sinai memory”. Here is the historic
recommendation. Compare it to recent relief legislation created by our current Congress:
· *Debts owed by the poor are to be cancelled after seven years, so that there is no permanent
underclass." (Deut. 15-1-18):
· *No interest is to be charged on loans to members of the community." (Deut: 23:10-20)
· *No collateral is to be required on loans made to poor people." (Deut: 24:10-13)
· * "No withholding of wages that are due to the poor. (Deut: 24:14-15) …the economy is to make
regular provision for the needy and the marginalized." (Deut. 24:19-22)
If the last admonition had been followed, we would probably not be seeing the high proportion of
black and Hispanic deaths in this pandemic.
| EASTER GREETINGS APRIL 21, 2020 - DO NOT BE AFRAID-HOPE & PEACE TO THE WORLD. |
Some people during this Holy Week, Good
Friday, and Easter Day are familiar with
Mary's Magnificat but let us be also mindful
of and read with appreciation
Hannah’s Prayer:
1 Hannah prayed and said,
“My heart exults in the Lord;
my strength is exalted in my God.
My mouth derides my enemies,
because I rejoice in my victory.
2 “There is no Holy One like the Lord,
no one besides you;
there is no Rock like our God.
3 Talk no more so very proudly,
let not arrogance come from your mouth;
for the Lord is a God of knowledge,
and by him actions are weighed.
4 The bows of the mighty are broken,
but the feeble gird on strength.
5 Those who were full have hired
themselves out for bread, but those
who were hungry are fat with spoil.
The barren has borne seven,
but she who has many children is forlorn.
6 The Lord kills and brings to life;
he brings down to Sheol and raises up.
Friday, and Easter Day are familiar with
Mary's Magnificat but let us be also mindful
of and read with appreciation
Hannah’s Prayer:
1 Hannah prayed and said,
“My heart exults in the Lord;
my strength is exalted in my God.
My mouth derides my enemies,
because I rejoice in my victory.
2 “There is no Holy One like the Lord,
no one besides you;
there is no Rock like our God.
3 Talk no more so very proudly,
let not arrogance come from your mouth;
for the Lord is a God of knowledge,
and by him actions are weighed.
4 The bows of the mighty are broken,
but the feeble gird on strength.
5 Those who were full have hired
themselves out for bread, but those
who were hungry are fat with spoil.
The barren has borne seven,
but she who has many children is forlorn.
6 The Lord kills and brings to life;
he brings down to Sheol and raises up.
7 The Lord makes poor and makes rich;
he brings low, he also exalts.
8 He raises up the poor from the dust;
he lifts the needy from the ash heap,
to make them sit with princes
and inherit a seat of honor.
For the pillars of the earth are the Lord’s,
and on them he has set the world.
9 “He will guard the feet of his faithful
ones, but the wicked shall be cut off in
darkness; for not by might does one
prevail.
10 The Lord! His adversaries shall be
shattered; the Most High will thunder in
heaven. The Lord will judge the ends of
the earth; he will give strength to his king,
and exalt the power of his anointed.”
1 Samuel 2:1-10.
And Jesus said: "Do not be afraid."
Hannah's Prayer, A Solemn Reading
Selection for Reflection and Discussion
for This Passover and Easter from
WANGNEWS. Greetings and Love to the
9 AM Sunday Lectionary Group at Christ
Church Cathedral in the City of Cincinnati.
of the Lord, descending from heaven, came and
rolled back the stone and sat on it. His appearance
was like lightning, and his clothing white as snow.
For fear of him the guards shook and became like
dead men. But the angel said to the women, “Do
not be afraid; I know that you are looking for
Jesus who was crucified. He is not here; for he
has been raised, as he said. Come, see the place
where he lay. Then go quickly and tell his
disciples, ‘He has been raised from the dead, and
indeed he is going ahead of you to Galilee; there
you will see him.’ This is my message for you.”
So they left the tomb quickly with fear and great
joy, and ran to tell his disciples. Suddenly Jesus
met them and said, “Greetings!” And they came
to him, took hold of his feet, and worshiped him.
Then Jesus said to them, “Do not be afraid; go
and tell my brothers to go to Galilee; there they
will see me.”
rolled back the stone and sat on it. His appearance
was like lightning, and his clothing white as snow.
For fear of him the guards shook and became like
dead men. But the angel said to the women, “Do
not be afraid; I know that you are looking for
Jesus who was crucified. He is not here; for he
has been raised, as he said. Come, see the place
where he lay. Then go quickly and tell his
disciples, ‘He has been raised from the dead, and
indeed he is going ahead of you to Galilee; there
you will see him.’ This is my message for you.”
So they left the tomb quickly with fear and great
joy, and ran to tell his disciples. Suddenly Jesus
met them and said, “Greetings!” And they came
to him, took hold of his feet, and worshiped him.
Then Jesus said to them, “Do not be afraid; go
and tell my brothers to go to Galilee; there they
will see me.”
Jesus said: "Do not be afraid."
Gospel Reading For Easter
Sunday from the Episcopal
Lectionary: Matthew 28:1-10.
After the sabbath, as the first
day of the week was dawning,
Mary Magdalene and the other
Mary went to see the tomb.
And suddenly there was a
great earthquake; for an angel
Gospel Reading For Easter
Sunday from the Episcopal
Lectionary: Matthew 28:1-10.
After the sabbath, as the first
day of the week was dawning,
Mary Magdalene and the other
Mary went to see the tomb.
And suddenly there was a
great earthquake; for an angel
| THE 2018 GIANT PINK EASTER BUNNY SPOTTED IN SILVERTON, OHIO - Better Late - Er - Early Than Never. This year 2020 too much chocolate got to the giant bunny :( |